Lathe



Jan, m NM) J. J. PESQUEIRA LATHE 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 13, 1945 a mg w LQ W wwmww a INVENTOR Pesqaeira BY ATTORNEY Jan. W, 19%

J. J. PESQUEIRA 2,494,19

LATHE 4 Filed Nov. 13, 1945 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 D iNVENTQR Jaw/762120 Jpesgwim ATTGRNEY jam w, 19% J. J. PESQUEHRA 9 9 LATHE Filed NOV. 15, 1945 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR Jzz z emmoJ Pesqaezm Jam 1% 39% J. J. PESQUEHRA LATHE 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Nov., 15, 1945 INVENTOR Jul emfinocfpesqueim BY W. 4 I ATTORNEY Jam, w, 1950 LATHE Filed NOV. 13, 1945 J. J. FESQUEIRA 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 lNVENTOR dare/751720 JPesy'ueim Pafentecl Jan. 10, 1950 LATHE Juventino Jose Pesqueira, New York, N. Y., as-

signor to Morey MachineryCm, Inc., New York,

N. Y., a corporation Application November 13, 1945, Serial No. 627,985

11 Claims.

i This invention relates to lathes. It is particularly directed to a lathe for turning a piece of stock, such as a railroad axle or like article,

simultaneously lengthwise on opposite sides of the median line relative to the length of said piece of stock.

An object of this invention is to provide a lathe of the character described comprising a pair of tool holders, a pair of interconnected feed cylinders between said tool holders, each includin a piston attached to one of said holders, and means for simultaneously moving the pistons in opposite directions for moving the tool holders and turning the stock symmetrically about a median point lengthwise of the stock.

. Yet a further object of this invention is to provide a lathe of the character described comprising a headstock, a tailstock, a quill rotatably and slidably mounted in the tailstock, a rotary spindle in the headstock having driving contact with one end of a workpiece, and a means on the quill adapted to move into contact with the opposite endof said work piece, and rotate therewith, and means interconnecting the feed cylinders with the quill, so arranged that the connected feed cylinders are moved half the distance of said quill.

In turning articles such as railroad axles, which must be turned symmetrically on opposite sides of the middle of the said article, the turning tools must be disposed equal distances away from the median of said article. In accordance with the present invention the feed cylinders for operating the tool holders are fixed on a slide slidably mounted on the lathe base or frame and are interconnected to the quill in the tailstock by connectors so arranged that movement of the quill is accompanied by movement of the feed cylinder, half the length of movement of the quill. Thus, if the quill of the tailstock and the feed cylinders are in a certain position for turning a certain size axle or like workpiece to be turned, and then an axle two inches shorter is substituted, the quill must be moved two inches for the axle to be gripped between the spindle and quill. The connected feed cylinders however are moved only one inch so as to be centered relative to the median line on the axle. In accordance with the present invention, therefore,

the quill and connected feed cylinders are so interconnected by levers that a two inch movement of the quill will result in a one inch movement of the slide to which the connected feed cylinders are fixed.

Still another object of this invention is to provide in a lathe of the character described a tailstock adapted to be clamped to the frame and screw threaded means for adjusting the position of the tailstock relative to the tail.

Yet a further object of this invention is to provide a strong, compact and durable lathe of the character described which shall be relatively inexpensive to manufacture, which shall be smooth and positive in operation, and yet practical and efiicient to a high degree in use.

Other objects of this invention will in part be obvious and in part hereinafter pointed out.

The invention accordingly consists in the features. of construction, combinations of elements, and arrangement of parts which will be exemplified in the construction hereinafter described, andof which the scope of application will be indicated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawing, in which is shown various possible illustrative embodiments of this invention,

Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of a lathe embodying the invention;

Fig. 2-is a top plan thereof;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view through line 3--3 of Fig. 1';

.. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken on lin 4-4 of Fig. 1; 1

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 5-4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a -cross-sectional view taken on line fi6 of Fig. 1;

Fig. '7 is a front elevational view of the feed cylinders with parts broken away and in crosssection; and

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 8-8 of Fig. 7 parts in cross-section and rotated Referrin now in detail to the drawing, I0 designates a lathe embodying the invention for turning-railroad axles H or the like pieces of stock. The lathe Ill comprises a base [2, a headstock is at one end of the lathe, and a tailstock it at the other end of the lathe.

The headstock l3 comprises a1 headstock casing 15 on which is mounted a horizontal hollow spindle I6 supported on the rear roller bearing H and a front roller bearing H3. The spindle i6 is formed at its front end with an annular outwardly extending flange l9 and with a center counterbore' 20. The rear roller bearing H is located in the rear wall 2! of theheadstock casing, whereas the roller bearing [8 is located within the front wall 22' of said casing. Fixed to the spindle is a gear 2 3 located within-the headstock casing. The spindle is is formed with a reduced rear end portion 24 provided with a take-up nut 25 at its rear end. On the reduced end portion 24 of the spindle is a collar 26. Interposed between the collar 25 and the rear wall 2| is a thrust roller bearing 27. interposed between the collar 25 and gear 23 is a thrust sleeve 28 disposed about the spindle I'B. Sleeve 26 is keyed to gear 23 by a key 39. It will now be understood that thrust on the spindle to the left looking at Fig. will be taken up by the thrust bearing 21. Gear 23 meshes with a gear 3| on the shaft 32 journalled in the headstock casing. On shaft 32 is a gear 33 meshing with a gear 34 on a shaft 35 likewise meshin in the headstock casing. The shafts 35 and 32 are parallel to the spindle. The shaft 35 may be driven in any suitable manner by means of a drive belt 36. Attached to the front wall 22 of the headstock casing is a plate 40 to enclose the roller bearing l8.

Mounted on the front end of the spindle is a nose 4|. Nose 4| is formed with a sleeve portion 42 disposed within opening 20. It is formed with an outwardly extending flange 43 attached, by screws 44, to flange I9.

Screwed within the rear end of sleeve 42 is a nut 44a. At the forward end of the nose 4| is a head 45 provided with a plurality of annularly arranged spaced openings 46 extending to the front end of said head. Within each opening 46 is a hardened pin 41. Said nose Al is formed at its forward end with a through openin 48 in which is inserted a line center 49. Interposed between the center 49 and the nut 44 is a, coil compression spring 50. Center 49 is adapted to engage a center hole 5i in one end of the axle I I. The head 45 is formed internally with an annular recess 54 receiving a bushing 55 extending forwardly beyond said head.

Contacting the nose 4| is a ram ring 56 surrounding the center 49. The ring 56 is formed with a plurality of annularly spaced through openings 57 in each of which is a spur or depressing button 50. Each spur or button 63 contacts one of the hardened pins 41. The buttons 60 are adapted to dig into one end of the axle. It will now be understood that when the spindle is driven the axle will be rotated due to engagement of the spurs 50 with said axle. The center 49 is spring loaded and pressed into the center opening of the axle.

Looking now at Fig. 4 of the drawing, there is shown therein the base I2 of the lathe. On the base I2 is a frame 65 having a frontwall 66 and a stepped top wall 61. The tailstock I4 is adjustably mounted on the top wall 61 for longitudinal sliding movement, and may be bolted thereto in adjusted position by means of screws 58 or in any other suitable manner. The frame 65 is formed with a horizontal through opening ID at its lower end for the purpose hereinafter appearing. In the top wall 61 is a through opening II.

The tailstock l4 comprises a tailstock housing I2. The housing I2 comprises a base I3 contacting the top wall 51. Extending upwardly from the base is a front wall I4 extending to a cylindrical horizontal wall I5. The cylindrical wall I5 is connected to the base by means of a rear web '16. The cylindrical wall I5 is open at opposite ends.

It is also formed with an intermediate cutout H for the purpose hereinafter appearing. Attached'to the rear end of housing I5 is a cover I8 formed with a 'pair of passages I9 and 8B. Slidably mounted in the housing is a cylinder 8| formed with an intermediate transverse wall 82 and with cylindrical walls 83 and 84 extending in opposite directions relative to said transverse wall. Attached to the rear end of the cylindrical wall 83 is a cap or head 35 formed with a central through opening 85. Fixed to the head or cover it is a central, iorwardly extending shaft or piston rod 8'I'. Attached to the forward end of shaft 8? is a piston 88 on which the cylinder 83 is slidable. Shaft 81 passes through said central opening 85 in the head 85. Said shaft is formed with a longitudinal passage communicating with opening I9 and terminating in an opening 31 which leads to the interior of cylinder 83, and between piston 88 and cap 85. Said shaft 81 is formed with another longitudinal through passage 93 communicating with opening and leading to the rear end of said shaft thereby communicating with the interior of cylinder 83 between piston and partitions 82.

It will now be understood that when hydraulic medium is fed under pressure to passage i 9, cylinder 3| will be retracted or moved to the right looking at Fig. 3 of the drawing. When the hydraulic medium is fed to opening 85 under pressure, cylinder 8i will move forwardly to the left, looking at Fig. 3 of the drawing.

Within cylinder 84 are spaced ball bearings 35 and 95 separated by a spacing sleeve 9?. Rotatabiy and non-sliding mounted in the bearings is a quill its. The quill I59 passes through the sleeve 91. Said quill I55 is in the form of a tube or sleeve. Screwed into the rear end thereof is a nut IiiI. Rotatably mounted in the forward end of said quill is a center 12. between nut IBI and center I52 is a coil compression spring N23. The compression spring I03 presses the center I92 into the center opening of the axle or workpiece H. Attached to the forward end of the quill I05 is a ram I54 adapted to frictionally contact the adjacent end of the axle. It will now be understood that while the headstock spindle rotates the axle, the quill will rotate with the axle. Attached to the forward end of cylinder 84 is a ring I96 surrounding the quill. It will now be understood that when oil is fed through opening 89, cylinder M will move to the left to cause the ram I54 to move into contact with the axle. The ram I04 is attached to quill I09 by means of screws lIMa or like fastening means and is provided at its front edge with surfaces I041) for frictionally gripping the axle.

Means is provided for turning the axle automatically and symmetrically on both sides of a median line through the axle. The arrangement is such that the axle is turned from the outer ends inwardly. To this end there is provided a pair of similar symmetrically disposed tool ,holders H0. The tool holders are similar and symmetrically disposed to one another so that only one of them need be described.

Each tool holder comprises a carriage I I i slidably mounted on the longitudinal bed H2 of the lathe. The bed H2 may have longitudinally inclined surfaces H3 and a horizontal undersurface H4. The carriage H I may be provided with surfaces contacting surfaces I I3. Attached to the underside of carriage III is a horizontal guide bar I I5 contacting surface 1 I4. Slidably mounted on carriage III for sliding movement in a direc tion toward and away from the axle i i are slides H8 each provided with a tool post H9 carrying the turning tools IISa.

Hydraulic means may be provided for moving interposed 1 the slides H6. To this end there is mounted on carriage III a hydraulic cylinder I provided with a piston I2I connected by piston rod" I22 with slide II 8 as shown in Fig. 6 of the drawing. The cylinder I20 may be provided with opening 123 and I24 at its ends to permit hydraulic medium under pressure to be fed to opposite sides of piston I2I.

Attached to carriage II 1 and depending therefrom is an apron I25 provided with an inner end wall I25a formed with a longitudinal through opening I26. (See Fig. 7.) Said wall I25a is also formed with a screw threaded opening I21 parallel to opening .I 26. Extending through opening I26 is a sleeve I28 screw threaded externally and internally. Sleeve I28 is formed with a flange I29 on the inside of the apron contacting wall I25a. Screwed to the opposite end of sleeve I28 is a nut I30.

Means is provided to move the carriages III toward and away from each other. To this end, the frame of the lathe is formed at the front thereof and between said carriages, with a pair of horizontal longitudinally extending guide flanges I35. Attached to the front edges of said guide flanges are guide bars I36 overlapping the space between said flanges. Slidably mounted on the frame and between the flanges I is a slide I theupper and lower edges whereof contact. said flanges. The bars I36 contact the front of slide I40 adjacent its upper and lower edges. As will be seen hereinafter, slide 140 moves on its guide for the purpose of adjustment. Fixed to the slide I40 are a pair of similar, symmetrically disposed connected cylindersMI. Between the cylinders MI is a common dividing wall I42, provided with a pair of passages I43 communicating with the interior of said cylinders respectively. At the outer end of each cylinder is a cap I44 provided with a central opening I45 communicating with the inside of the cylinder. Each cap I44 is formed with an axial through opening I46. Extending through the opening I46 is a piston rod I 4'! carrying at its inner end a piston I48. The outer end of each piston rod I4! is screw threaded and screwed to collar I28. Screwed to each piston rod is a nut I49 adapted to contact the collar I28. The apron may thus be adjusted relative to the piston rod by properly manipulating the collar I28 and the nut I49.

It will now be understood that when hydraulic medium under pressure is fed through openings I43, the pistons 248 will move in opposite directions for moving the tool holders away from each other. When hydraulic medium under pressure enters openings 45, the tool holders will move toward each other. Movement of the tool holders inwardly toward each other may be limited by means of a stop screw I50 screwed into each opening I26. A look nutI5I on the stop screw contacts wall I25a of the apron. At the ends of slide M0 are stop lugs I52 adapted to be contact-ed by the stop screws. As the tool holders move inwardly the stop screws I56 will contact the lugs I52 to limit inward movement.

Means is provided to simultaneously adjust the slide I40 and quill I60, so arranged that as the quill is moved into engagement with an axle, slide I40 will be automatically centered relative to the axle Or other work pieces II to be turned on the lathe. Thus, for example, if an axle I I is replaced by another axle which is two inches shorter, that is one inch shorter at each end, the quill must move two inches to contact the new axle, whereas the center of the slide or partition wall I42 between cylinders 141 must be moved one inch so as to be on the median line relative to the shorter axle. To this end slide I40 is provided at one end with an ear I60 formed with an opening I61. In said opening is a bolt Or pin I62. Connected to said bolt I62 is one end of a horizontal link I63. Link I63 is connected to the upper end of an arm I64. Arm I64 is fixed to a horizontal shaft I65 ,iournalled in bearings I61 in the opening 10 of frame casing 65. Shaft i 65 passes through a pair of spaced bearings I 51 of portion i0. Attached to the rear end thereof is an upwardly extending arm I68. The cylinder M is formed with a horizontal through opening I10. Extending into said opening I10 is a pin I .II. At the upper end of arm I68 is a pin 168a connected to pin I'iI by means of a horizontal link Illa. The height of lever 468 from the axis of shaft I65 110 the axis of pin 16811 is twice the height of lever arm I64 from the axis of shaft I65 to the axis of pin i651: which connects the link I63 with said arm. It will now be understood that when the cylinder 8! is moved to the left it will rotate arm 168 which in turn will rotate shaft I 65 and hence arm I64. Such movement will move the link l53 and hence the slice I 40 to the left. It will also be understood that movement of the cylinder f8I will be accompanied by movement of the slide half the length of movement of said cylinder. With such construction the connected cylinders will move to a median line relative to the axle as the quill is moved to proper position to engage axles of various lengths.

- Means is being provided to adjust the position of the "tailstock I4 relative to its support. To this end the frame is provided with a bracket I formed with a longitudinal screw threaded opening I 8|. Screwed thereto is a screw I83, the forward end of Which engages the tailstock. Rotation of screw 183 by means of any suitable handle will move the tailstock. The tailstock may be bolted to its supporting frame in adjusted posltion by the screws or bolts 68.

It will be understood that any suitable means other than the hydraulic means disclosed above, may be employed for moving the tool holders in opposite directions, as for example screws or the like devices.

It will thus be seen that there is provided a device in which the several objects of this invention are achieved, and which is well adapted to meet the conditions of practical use.

As various possible embodiments might be made of the above invention, and as various changes might be made in the embodiment above set forth, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawing is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

'1. In a lathe, a headstock, driving means on the'headstock adapted to engage one end of a Work piece, a tailstock, a rotary quill on the tailstock adapted to engage the opposite end of the work piece, a pair of tool holders, a slide mounted on the lathe, between said tool holders, a pair of symmetrical cylinders on said slide, pistons in said cylinders connected to said tool holders, means to support said slide for movement lengthwise of the lathe, and means interconnecting said slide to said quill to cause said slide to move half the length of movement of said quill upon moving the latter, and means to move said quill.

2. In a-lathe, a frame, a headstock on the simultaneously move said tool holders toward each other and away from each other, and means interconnecting the quill and member for simultaneous movement. V

3. In a lathe, a frame, a headstock on the frame, a spindle in the headstock, means on the spindle to engage one end of the work piece, a tailstock on the frame, a quill rotatably mounted in the tailstock and adapted to engage the opposite end of the work piece, a pair of tool holders slidably mounted on the frame for movement to-' ward and away from each other, a member mounted on the frame for movement longitudinally of the frame, means on said member to simultaneously move said tool holders toward each other and away from each other, and means ini terconnecting the quill and member for simultaneous movement, said last means including means, upon movement of the quill a predetermined longitudinal distance, to cause movement of saidmember by substantially half said distance.

4. In combination, a lathe comprising a base, a headstock on the base, driven means on the headstock to rotate a work piece, a tailstock on the base, means rotatably and slidabl mounted in the tailstock to engage said work piece, a pair of tool holders, a. member slidably mounted on the base and disposed between said tool holders, means on said member to simultaneously move said tool holders in opposite directions, a shaft rotatably mounted in said base, an arm fixed to said shaft, means to connect said arm with said member, a second arm fixed to said shaft, and means to connect the second arm to said work piece engaging means.

5. In combination, a lathe comprising a base, a headstock on the base, driven means on the headstock to rotate a work piece, a tailstock on the base, means rotatably and slidably mounted in the tailstock to engage said work piece, a pair of tool holders, a member slidably mounted on-the base and disposed between said tool holders, means on said member to simultaneously move said tool holders in opposite directions, a shaft rotatably mounted in said base, an arm fixedto said shaft, means to connect said arm withsaid member, a second arm fixed to said shaft, and means to connect the second arm to said work piece engaging means, said second arm being twice the length of the first arm.

6. A lathe comprising a support, a tailstock on said support, and a member slidably mounted in said tailstock, a slide slidably mounted on said support for movement lengthwise of thesupport and parallel to the axis of said tailstock, a pair of oppositely disposed cylinders fixed to said slide, a piston disposed within each of said cylinders, a tool holder attached to each piston, aplurality of parallel tools on each tool holder, disposed perpendicular to said cylinder and means con necting said slidable member to said slidewhereby movement of said slidable member will control the movement of said slide.- Y I ,5

'7. A lathe comprising a support, a slide slidably mounted onsaid support for movement length- 8 wise of thesupport, a' pair'of oppositely disposed cylinders fixed to said slide, a piston disposed within each of said cylinders and a tool holder attached to each piston, and means to adjust the length of the connection between each tool holder and its piston, slidable means to engage and support one end of a work piece in said lathe, an arm oscillatably mounted on said frame and connected to said work engaging means, a second arm fixed to oscillate with said first arm, means to connect the second arm tosaid slide, said first arm being twice the length of the second arm,

- whereby movement of said slidable means a pre--.

cylinder, a quill V mounted on said cylinder, a tool holder, a slide,

determined distance will cause said slide to move one-half of said distance.

- v8. A lathe comprising a support, a slide slidably mounted on. said support for movement lengthwise of the support, a pair of oppositely disposed cylinders fixed to said slide, a piston disposed within each of said cylinders and a tool holder attached to each piston, and means to adjust the length of the connection between each tool holder and its piston, slidable means to engage and support one end of a work piece in said lathe, an arm oscillatably mounted on said support and connected to said work engaging means, a second arm fixed to oscillate with said first arm, means to connect the second arm to said slide, said first arm being twice the length oi the second arm, said arms being oscillatable about a horizontal axis transverse of the direction of movement of said slide, and said arms extending upwardly, whereby movement of said slidable means will control the movement of said slide;

f 9. In a lathe, a tailstock, a cylinder within said tailstock, means to slidably move said cylinder, a quill rotatably and non-slidably mounted in said cylinder, a tool holder, a slide, means on the slide to move the tool holder, a shaft rotatably mounted on the lathe, an arm fixed to the shaft, 9, link connecting said arm to the cylinder in the tailstock, a second arm on said shaft, and a link connecting the second arm with said slide, whereby slidable movement of said cylinder will control the movement of said slide in accordance with the relative lengths of said first and second arms.

10.'In a lathe, a tailstock, a cylinder within said tailstock, means to slidably move said rotatably and non-slidably means on the slide to move the tool holder, a shaft rotatably mounted on the lathe, an arm fixed to the shaft, a link connecting said arm to the cylinder in the tailstock, a second arm on said shaft, and a link connecting the second arm with said slide, said first arm being twice the length of the second arm, whereby movement of .said cylinder a predetermined distance will the shaft, a link connecting said arm to the cyl inder in the tailstock, a second arm on said shaft;- and a link connecting the second arm with said slide, said first arm being twice the length of the second arm, said shaft being horizontal anddis posed transversely of the axis of said cylinder, and said arms extending upwardly, and said; links being disposed parallel to the axis of said 9 10 cylinder, whereby movement of said cylinder a Number Name Date predetermined distance will cause said slide to 1,334,335 Warren Mar. 23, 1920 move one-half said distance. 1,424,754 Cullen Aug. 8, 1922 JUVENTINO JOSE PESQUEIRA. 1,825,722 Forward Oct. 6, 1931 5 1,834,831 Drummond Dec. 1, 1931 REFERENCES CITED 1,883,093 Taylor Oct. 18, 1932 The following references are of record in the 2117960 Indge May 1938 file of this patent: 2,144,490 Granberg Jan. 17, 1939 2,338,125 May Jan. 4, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENTS 10 2,389,746 Sparks Nov. 27, 1945 Number Name Date 400,882 Tower Apr. 2, 1889 

